What do the terms 'Tanakh' and 'Talmud' refer to in Judaism?

The terms 'Tanakh' and 'Talmud' are foundational components of Jewish religious texts and thought. The Tanakh refers to the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also known as the Hebrew Bible. It encompasses three main sections: the Torah (Teaching or Law), the Nevi'im (Prophets), and the Ketuvim (Writings). This collection is central to Jewish tradition and religious practice.

The Talmud, on the other hand, is a significant compilation of rabbinical discussions and interpretations of the Torah and Jewish law. It consists of the Mishnah, which is the written collection of oral traditions, and the Gemara, which is the commentary and analysis of the Mishnah. The Talmud serves as a critical text for understanding Jewish law, ethics, and philosophy, providing context and depth to the practices and beliefs found in the Tanakh.

Understanding the distinction and significance of these two texts is essential to grasping Jewish religious thought and practices, as they are foundational to Jewish law, ethical teachings, and understanding of scripture.